As discussed by Ben in his post on harassment, many landlords are outraged when a TRO tells them their conduct is illegal. “Its my house isn’t it, so why can’t I go in when I like?” is a common response. But what they don’t realise is that it isn’t their house any more.
We have a limited supply of land in England and Wales, and it is something which we all need and use. As a result, down the centuries, there have been various ingenious solutions to the problem of how different people can have legal interests or ownership at the same time, over the same bit of land or property.
One of these solutions is the lease or tenancy. This is where you ‘sell’ the land to someone, but just for a slice of time. So the tenant or lessee owns the land or property for the specified time period (and has the sole right to live in it or use it), and you own the right to get it back afterwords. What lawyers call the ‘reversion‘.
There are a number of different kinds of lease but they all work in more or less the same way:
- there is a transfer of the legal ownership of the land for a specific period of time (called a term or fixed term), normally by a written document or deed
- during that period of time the property belongs to the person renting the property
- that person (the lessee or tenant) pays rent and sometimes pays a premium (eg to ‘buy’ a flat)
- the lessor or landlord has the right to receive rent (sometimes called ground rent), and get the property back again once the lease is ended
- the lease or tenancy is governed by terms and conditions, either in a written lease or tenancy agreement, or implied by statute – and some statutory rules will override the terms agreed between the parties
- Sometimes, for some types of lease or tenancy, there will be legal rules which will make the tenancy continue after the fixed term comes to an end, if the tenant wants this (regardless of the wishes of the landlord)
When you buy a long lease from the freeholder for £100,000 for a term of 99 years (or take an assignment of a lease that has been granted to someone else for a similar price) it never occurs to anyone that you don’t own the property. The freeholders know that they can’t go barging in whenever they feel like it.
However because an assured shorthold tenancy is for a much shorter time, many landlords think that it does not really belong to the tenants, and that they still have owners rights.
They don’t
So if you keep going into your tenants property, without their permission, that is unlawful. You can be prosecuted by local authority tenancy relations officers under the criminal law, and your tenant can sue you under the civil law for an injunction to stop you going in, and for financial compensation.
It will still be the tenant’s property, even though he or she may not be paying the rent. The fact that they are not paying the rent will normally entitle you, the landlord, to go to court and ask for the tenancy to be brought to an end. But (for residential leases/tenancies) it does not allow you to end it yourself, now, without a court order, and to physically evict the tenant. That would be unlawful.
This is the way it is. If you don’t like it, tough.
The same rules apply to all landlords, whether they are professional investor landlords, ‘accidental’ landlords letting a property because they can’t sell it, or someone renting out their home while they are abroad for a year.
After all, so far as the tenant is concerned, it is their home.
Why should two identical families, paying the same rent for identical properties, be treated differently, just because one is renting from an investor landlord and the other is renting from a home owner working abroad for a year? That would be unfair.
So if you are thinking of renting out a property and feel unhappy about this, there is only one answer. Don’t rent. Because if you do rent to a tenant, you will be bound by these rules. Whether you like it or not.
Why not read the rest of my Urban Myths now?
A good point, well put. For a landlord it can be very galling to sit back and watch a deafaulting tenant steal that time from you, time when his or her property could be earning real rent from a paying tenant. As the law stands, though, the tenant can continue to steal that time – and the landlord’s money – until the bailiffs arrive. That’s around six months in many parts of the UK. But take the law into your own hands and the courts will treat the cheating tenant like a victim – and the landlord as the oppressor. BTW: Have you noticed how often media reports preceed the noun “landlord” with the adjective “unscrupulous”? It’s the public perception and it seems to be the one shared by many county court judges. Anyway, I have to go now. I have to throw another widow into the snow…
One of the big problems with our system is the time it takes for a landlord to recover possession from a defaulting tenant. This IS very unfair on landlords. I have known landlords lose thousands of pounds.
This is really down to the underfunding of our court system. Something though which is unlikley to change soon.
Is there, legally speaking, a difference between a RENTAL AGREEMENT and a TENENCY AGREEMENT?
And if so, what?
Would a(n uncrupulous) landlord be able to keep the water, gas and electricity supply in their OWN name when renting out a room, apartment or part of a house?
When the Renter doesn’t pay his rent, one can switch off the connections until s/he has paid the arrears.
Is this an option?
What you call a letting is not that relevant. It is the circumstances of the let which matters.
There is a famous case in 1985 called Street v. Mountford that said that you cannot prevent a letting from being a tenancy just by calling it a license agreement on the piece of paper the tenant signs.
Landlord Law members can find out what type of tenancy they have by following our tenancy trail: http://www.landlordlaw.co.uk/tenancy-trail
Many landlords keep the utility accounts in their own names. There is nothing suspicious about it. However if they then cut off the supply this is harassment which is a criminal offence. The tenant should complain to his Local Authority housing office or TRO.